Staurastrum coarctatum is a freshwater green algae belonging to the desmid group. It is characterized by its star-like or cruciform shape, consisting of two symmetrical semicells connected at a central isthmus. Each semicell has a convex and concave side, typically measuring between 30 to 100 micrometers in width. The algae is enclosed in a cellulose-based cell wall and contains chloroplasts arranged in a ribbon-like fashion for photosynthesis. Reproduction occurs through binary fission, contributing to its population in nutrient-rich freshwater environments like ponds and lakes. Staurastrum coarctatum plays a vital ecological role as a primary producer, contributing to nutrient cycling and aquatic ecosystem health.