Phacus ranula consists of unicellular organisms with a distinctive spindle-shaped or elongated body. The cell typically narrows at both ends and may have a slightly pointed anterior (front) end. The outer surface, known as the pellicle, is firm and often displays longitudinal striations or markings. Within the cell, numerous chloroplasts are present. These chloroplasts are typically disc-shaped and contain one or more pyrenoids, which are involved in starch storage and carbon fixation during photosynthesis. Paramylon granules, serving as energy reserves, may also be found within the cell. Phacus ranula reproduces asexually through mechanisms such as binary fission. It is commonly found in freshwater habitats such as ponds, lakes, and slow-moving streams, where it contributes to the aquatic ecosystem as a primary producer, utilizing sunlight to produce organic compounds through photosynthesis.