Oscillatoria incerta is a filamentous cyanobacterium found in various aquatic environments such as freshwater lakes, ponds, and slow-moving streams, as well as in moist soil. Its morphology consists of long, unbranched filaments composed of straight or slightly curved cylindrical cells, ranging from 5 to 20 micrometers in width and several millimeters in length. Each cell is surrounded by a firm, gelatinous sheath made of polysaccharides and contains specialized thylakoid structures for photosynthesis. Reproduction primarily occurs through asexual means via binary fission, where the filament fragments into daughter filaments. Oscillatoria incerta contributes significantly to aquatic ecosystems by serving as a primary producer, utilizing sunlight to synthesize energy-rich compounds. It is capable of gliding movement along surfaces using specialized gliding filaments.