Oscillatoria brevis is a filamentous cyanobacterium within the Oscillatoria genus, identified in 1892. It is commonly found in both brackish and freshwater environments, and can also be isolated from soil. Oscillatoria brevis is a mesophile but exhibits remarkable temperature tolerance, surviving temperatures as low as -16°C and capable of photosynthesis even at temperatures up to 70°C. As a photoautotroph, it contains Chlorophyll a and c-phycocyanin, and can perform anoxygenic photosynthesis using sulfur reduction. This species is nitrogen-fixing and contributes to soil fertility and microbial density when cultured from soils. Oscillatoria brevis demonstrates resilience to certain heavy metal ions such as copper, silver, zinc, and cadmium. The name Oscillatoria refers to its gliding movement via microfibrils, while “brevis” in Latin means short or small, despite its actual dimensions ranging from 5 to 70 μm in length and 10 μm in width within the genus.