Nais barbata is a small, elongated worm. It has a rounded and simple prostomium. The anterior part of the body is yellowish-brown in color. The dorsal bundle of setae contains 2-5 hair-like needles and 1-5 stiff hairs. The needles have sharp, long tips and are single-pointed. Ventral setae range from 2 to 5 per bundle, with bifid crotchets. Those on segments II to V are comparatively longer, straighter, and thinner than the rest, with the distal tooth longer than the proximal and slightly thinner, and a proximal nodulus. Other setae have equally long teeth and a distal nodulus. The dorsal vessel is located on the left side of the gut. Pineal setae consist of 2-3 on each side with a simple fork.