Limnospira maxima, also known as Arthrospira maxima, is a filamentous cyanobacterium characterized by long, unbranched filaments composed of cylindrical or slightly tapered cells. Each filament can vary from a few to several hundred micrometers in length, with cells arranged end-to-end in a linear fashion. These cells are enclosed in a thin, rigid cell wall containing peptidoglycan and glycolipids, and they house chlorophyll-containing thylakoids for photosynthesis. Reproduction primarily occurs through binary fission and can involve sexual reproduction via conjugation to form resistant spores. Limnospira maxima thrives in alkaline, saline environments such as soda lakes and alkaline ponds, and it can be cultivated under controlled alkaline conditions. Non-motile, it can move slightly in response to water currents. Valued for its nutritional richness, Limnospira maxima is utilized as spirulina, a popular supplement and protein source with applications in food and feed production, contributing significantly to global nutrition and sustainable agriculture efforts.