This formidable fish-eating bird is characterized by its striking brown and white appearance. Adults have a white belly and a white tail marked with a broad black band at the tip. Juveniles are paler, featuring a streaked brown breast and barred underwings. Compared to the smaller Lesser Fish-Eagle, the Gray-headed Fish-Eagle has a more distinct tail pattern and a more clearly defined white belly patch. The species is commonly found near rivers, lakes, and swamplands, and is known for its loud, hoarse yelping calls.