Cyclotella meneghiniana is a diatom species characterized by circular to elliptical valves that are relatively small, typically measuring 5-20 micrometers in diameter. The valve face is flat with a smooth margin, and it features fine, short striae arranged radially around the center. The central area of the valve is open without distinct markings, and the valve surface is punctuated with small pores called areolae, arranged in rows. This species is commonly found in freshwater habitats, contributing to phytoplankton communities and nutrient cycling within aquatic ecosystems.