Calothrix scytonemicola is a filamentous cyanobacterium found in various aquatic and terrestrial habitats. It forms long, unbranched filaments composed of cylindrical cells. Each cell has a firm cell wall and contains chlorophyll-a and phycobiliproteins, giving it a greenish-blue color. Calothrix scytonemicola may produce specialized nitrogen-fixing cells called heterocysts. It reproduces primarily through fragmentation of filaments and can also undergo sexual reproduction via conjugation. This cyanobacterium plays an important ecological role in nutrient cycling, particularly in nitrogen fixation, and is adapted to survive in diverse environmental conditions.